World general knowledge facts

Spencer, M., Fuchs, L. S., Geary, D. C., & Fuchs, D. (2022). Connections between mathematics and reading development: Numerical cognition mediates relations between foundational competencies and later academic outcomes.  Journal of Educational Psychology, 114 (2), 273–288.  https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000670 We examined longitudinal relations between 1st-grade cognitive predictors (early nonverbal reasoning, processing speed, listening comprehension, working memory, calculation skill, word-problem solving, word-reading fluency, attentive behavior, and numerical cognition) and 2nd-grade academic outcomes (calculations, word-problem solving, and word reading) in 370 children (Mage = 6.55 years, SDage = 0.33 years at the start of the study) who were identified as at-risk or not-at-risk for mathematics disability. Path analysis mediation models revealed that numerical cognition, assessed at an intermediary timepoint, mediated the effects of processing speed, working memory, c...

 Working memory development: A 50-year assessment of research and underlying theories - ScienceDirect  https://ift.tt/3nK4JaY Working memory development: A 50-year assessment of research and underlying theories Author links open overlay panel NelsonCowan Show more Share Cite https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105075 Get rights and content Abstract The author has thought about working memory, not always by that name, since 1969 and has conducted research on its infant and child development since the same year that the seminal work of Baddeley and Hitch (1974) was published. The present article assesses how the field of working memory development has been influenced since those years by major theoretical perspectives: empiricism (along with behaviorism),  nativism  (along with modularity), cognitivism (along with constructivism), and  dynamic systems theory . The field has not fully discussed the point that these theoretical perspectives have helped to s...

 Cognitive Ability and Job Performance: Meta-analytic Evidence for the Validity of Narrow Cognitive Abilities | SpringerLink  https://ift.tt/MKvbV1o Cognitive Ability and Job Performance: Meta-analytic Evidence for the Validity of Narrow Cognitive Abilities Christopher D. Nye ,  Jingjing Ma  &  Serena Wee   Journal of Business and Psychology  (2022) Cite this article 193  Accesses 1  Altmetric Metrics  details Abstract Cognitive ability is one of the best predictors of performance on the job and past research has seemingly converged on the idea that narrow cognitive abilities do not add incremental validity over general mental ability (GMA) for predicting job performance. In the present study, we propose that the reason for the lack of incremental validity in previous research is that the narrow cognitive abilities that have been assessed most frequently are also the abilities that are most highly correlated with GMA. ...

https://ift.tt/gQNzY28 Fansher, M., Adkins, T. J., & Shah, P. (2022). Graphs do not lead people to infer causation from correlation.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied.  Advance online publication.  https://doi.org/10.1037/xap0000393 Abstract Media articles often communicate the latest scientific findings, and readers must evaluate the evidence and consider its potential implications. Prior work has found that the inclusion of graphs makes messages about scientific data more persuasive (Tal & Wansink, 2016). One explanation for this finding is that such visualizations evoke the notion of "science"; however, results are mixed. In the current investigation we extend this work by examining whether graphs lead people to erroneously infer causation from correlational data. In two experiments we gave participants realistic online news articles in which they were asked to evaluate the research and apply the work's findings to a real-life hypothetical scena...

https://www.mdpi.com/1396952 : The Transition to Noncommunicable Disease: How to Reduce Its Unsustainable Global Burden by Increasing Cognitive Access to Health Self-Management Abstract: The global epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, is creating unsustainable burdens on health systems worldwide. NCDs are treatable but not curable. They are less amenable to top-down prevention and control than are the infectious diseases now in retreat. NCDs are mostly preventable, but only individuals themselves have the power to prevent and manage the diseases to which the enticements of modernity and rising prosperity have made them so susceptible (e.g., tobacco, fat-salt-carbohydrate laden food products). Rates of nonadherence to healthcare regimens for controlling NCDs are high, despite the predictable long-term ravages of not self-managing an NCD effectively. I use international data on adult functional literacy to show why the cognitive de...

https://www.mdpi.com/si/69309 How Intelligence Can Be a Solution to Consequential World ProblemsDear Colleagues, The idea of the proposed symposium is to ask major contributors to the field of intelligence to take one consequential real-world problem—a problem of their choice—and to write about how what we know about intelligence could help us to solve the problem. What is, has been, or could be the role of human intelligence in solving a consequential problem the world faces? A large proportion of intelligence research is devoted to basic issues; for example, what is the psychometric structure of intelligence? What are the cognitive bases of intelligence? What are the brain-based correlates (or even causes) of intelligence? What does intelligence predict? What are the validity and reliability of a certain kind of intelligence test, compared with those of other such tests? What makes a particular theory valid? Such research is needed, but there are also problems larger than those...

Yet another study supporting the prominent role of attentional control (AC) for higher level cognition.  A neurocognitive psychometrics account of individual differences in attentional control. - PsycNET  https://ift.tt/CRghWB2 ****************************************** Kevin S. McGrew, PhD Educational & School Psychologist Director Institute for Applied Psychometrics (IAP) https://www.themindhub.com ****************************************** from IQ's Corner https://ift.tt/80Jj2e4 via IFTTT https://ift.tt/bYMJOod

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2022.02.05.479237v1 The genetics of specific cognitive abilities Francesca   Procopio ,  Quan   Zhou ,  Ziye   Wang ,  Agnieska   Gidziela ,    View ORCID Profile Kaili   Rimfeld ,    View ORCID Profile Margherita   Malanchini ,  Robert   Plomin doi:  https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.05.479237   This article is a preprint and has not been certified by peer review [ what does this mean? ]. 0000000 Abstract Abstract Most research on individual differences in performance on tests of cognitive ability focuses on general cognitive ability (g), the highest level in the three-level Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) hierarchical model of intelligence. About 50% of the variance of g is due to inherited DNA differences (heritability) which increases across development. Much less is known about the genetics of the middle level of the CHC model, which includes 16 broad factors s...

https://ift.tt/O8nh42D Schubert, A.-L., Löffler, C., & Hagemann, D. (2022). A neurocognitive psychometrics account of individual differences in attentional control.  Journal of Experimental Psychology: General.  Advance online publication.  https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001184 Attention control processes play an important role in many substantial psychological theories but are hard to reliably and validly measure on the subject-level. Therefore, associations between individual differences in attentional control and other variables are often inconsistent. Here we propose a novel neurocognitive psychometrics account of attentional control that integrates model parameters from the dual-stage two-phase model (Hübner et al., 2010), a mathematical model of selective attention, with neural correlates of conflict processing (i.e., latencies of the stimulus-locked lateralized readiness potential) in a multilayer structural equation model framework. We analyzed data from 150 p...

 Attention control and process overlap theory: Searching for cognitive processes underpinning the positive manifold - ScienceDirect  https://ift.tt/76vlbZqwr Highlights • We discuss process overlap theory and the executive attention framework. • Both theories provide explanations for the positive manifold among ability tests. • Analyses revealed that attention control had the highest loading on the  g -factor. • Attention control largely explained the positive correlations between abilities. Abstract Process overlap theory provides a contemporary explanation for the positive correlations observed among cognitive ability measures, a phenomenon which intelligence researchers refer to as the positive manifold. According to process overlap theory, cognitive tasks tap domain-general executive processes as well as domain-specific processes, and correlations between measures reflect the degree of overlap in the cognitive processes that are engaged when performing the tasks. ...